Load Factor

The ratio of the total aerodynamic load on the aircraft to its actual weight, expressed in Gs. In level flight, load factor is 1G. In a 60-degree banked turn, load factor is 2G, meaning the wings must produce twice the aircraft's weight in lift. Higher load factors increase stall speed, stress the airframe, and reduce the margin of safety. Normal category aircraft are certified for +3.8G to -1.52G.