Torque

In single-engine propeller aircraft, torque refers to the tendency of the airplane to rotate in the opposite direction of the propeller spin, in accordance with Newton's Third Law. In a typical American trainer where the propeller rotates clockwise as seen from the cockpit, the airplane body tends to roll to the left. Torque is one of the four left-turning tendencies (along with P-factor, spiraling slipstream, and gyroscopic precession) that a pilot must counteract with right rudder and aileron input.