Holding Pattern

A predetermined racetrack-shaped maneuver flown at a specific fix, altitude, and airspeed to delay an aircraft while it awaits further ATC clearance. Standard holding uses right turns with one-minute inbound legs (or one-and-a-half minutes above 14,000 feet MSL). Pilots must determine the correct entry (direct, teardrop, or parallel) based on their heading relative to the holding course. While holding is primarily an instrument flying skill, private pilot students encounter the concept on the written test and should understand the basic geometry and purpose.